Strings[]
- Violin (fiddle)
- Violino piccolo (Diskantgeige, Tanzgeige, Quartgeige, violino alla francese)
- Viola (alto, Bratsche)
- Vertical viola (alto violin)
- Viola pomposa (violino pomposo)
- Violotta (tenor viola, tenor violin)
- Viola profonda
- Cello (violoncello)
- Bass violin (basso de viola da braccio, basso da braccio, violone)
- Baritone violin
- Violoncello da spalla (cello da spalla)
- Cellone
- Double bass (bass, upright bass, string bass, acoustic bass, contrabass, contrabass viol, bass viol, standup bass, bull fiddle, doghouse bass, bass fiddle)
- Pedal harp (concert harp)
- Cimbalom (cimbál, cymbalum, tambal, santur)
- Lute
- Theorbo (chitarrone, theorbo lute)
- Viol (viola da gamba, gamba)
- Guitar
- Classical guitar (classic guitar, nylon-string guitar, Spanish guitar)
- Baroque guitar
- Romantic guitar
- Baryton
- Arpeggione
- Viola d'amore (Liebesgeige)
- Mandolin
- Piccolo mandolin (sopranino mandolin)
- Mandola (tenor mandola, tenor mandolin, alto mandola, alto mandolin, mandoliola, liola)
- Octave mandolin (octave mandola, tenor mandola)
- Mandocello
- Mandolone
Brass[]
- Horn (French horn, double horn, Waldhorn, Ventilhorn, trompa, corno, cor d'harmonie)
- Trumpet
- Piccolo trumpet
- Piccolo trumpet in B-flat
- C Trumpet
- Bass trumpet
- E-flat bass trumpet
- B-flat bass trumpet
- Trombone
- Tenor trombone
- Bass trombone
- Alto trombone
- Contrabass trombone
- Saxhorn
- Flugelhorn
- Alto horn
- Tenor horn
- Baritone horn
- Euphonium
- Tuba (bass)
- Contrabass tuba
- F tuba
- B-flat tuba
- Cornet
- Sousaphone
- Wagner tuba (Wagner horn, Bayreuth tuba, Tuben)
- Slide trumpet
Woodwind[]
- Piccolo
- Western concert flute
- Oboe
- Oboe d'amore (hautbois d'amour)
- Cor anglais (English horn)
- Bass oboe (baritone oboe)
- Heckelphone
- Clarinet
- Sopranino clarinet (octave clarinet, piccolo clarinet)
- E-flat clarinet
- A-flat clarinet
- Soprano clarinet
- Basset horn (basset-horn, corno di bassetto)
- Bass clarinet
- Contrabass clarinet
- Contra-alto clarinet
- A Bass clarinet
- Bassoon (fagott)
- Contrabassoon (double bassoon, kontrafagott)
- Saxophone (sax)
- Soprano saxophone
- Alto saxophone (alto sax, alto)
- Tenor saxophone
- Baritone saxophone (bari sax)
- Bass saxophone
- Harmonica (French harp, mouth organ)
- Bagpipes
Percussion[]
- Glockenspiel (concert bells, orchestral bells, carillon)
- Tubular bells (chimes)
- Concert snare drum (field drum, side drum)
- Timpani (kettledrums, timps, pauken)
- Xylophone
- Marimba
- Bass marimba
- Contrabass marimba
- Handbell
- Cowbell
- Crotales (antique cymbals)
- Concert bass drum
- Clash cymbals (concert cymbals, orchestral cymbals, hand cymbals, crash cymbals)
- Vibraphone (vibes, vibraharp)
- Typewriter
- Triangle
- Chau gong (Tam-tam)
- Wood block (woodblock, clog box, tap box)
- Whip (slapstick)
- Ratchet (noisemaker, Knarre, gragger, raganella, ra'ashan)
- Tambourine
- Xylorimba (xylomarimba, marimba-xylophone)
- Drum kit (drum set, trap set, drums)
- Concert toms
- Bongos
- Congas (tumbadora)
- Metal castanets (clackers, palillos)
- Anvil
- Wooden fish (Chinese temple block, wooden bell)
- Maracas (rumba shakers, chac-chacs)
- Metal wind chimes
- Eoliphone
- Geophone
- Guiro
- castanets
- Slide whistle
- Tam-Tam
- Glassarmonica
Keyboard[]
- Piano (pianoforte, clavier)
- Rhodes piano (Fender Rhodes)
- Fortepiano (arpicembalo, gravicembalo, Hammerklavier)
- Organ
- Pipe organ (church organ)
- Electric organ
- Hammond organ
- Lowrey organ
- Pump organ
- Regal
- Harpsichord (Cembalo, clavicembalo, clavecin, cravo)
- Celesta (celeste)
- Keyboard glockenspiel (organ glockenspiel)
- Accordion
- Ondes Martenot (ondes musicales)
- Synthesizer (synthesiser)
Vocal types[]
- Soprano
- Coloratura soprano
- Soubrette
- Lyric soprano
- Spinto soprano
- Dramatic soprano
- Mezzo-soprano (mezzo)
- Lyric mezzo-soprano
- Coloratura mezzo-soprano
- Dramatic mezzo-soprano
- Alto
- Contralto
- Coloratura contralto
- Lyric contralto
- Dramatic contralto
- Countertenor
- Sopranist (male soprano)
- Haute-contre
- Castrato
- Tenor
- Tenorino
- Tenore contraltino
- Tenore di grazia (leggero tenor, leggiero tenor)
- Lyric tenor
- Spinto tenor (tenore spinto)
- Dramatic tenor
- Heldentenor
- Baritenor
- Baritone
- Baryton-Martin
- Lyric baritone
- Bel canto
- Coloratura baritone
- Kavalierbariton
- Verdi baritone
- Dramatic baritone
- Baryton-noble
- Bass-baritone
- Heldenbaritone (dramatic bass-baritone, hoher bass)
- Bass
- Basso profondo (contrabass, basso profundo)
- Basso buffo
- Bel canto bass
- Basso cantante
- Dramatic bass
- Treble